Unveiling ISO Dynamics and Market Trends for 2025

Decode ISOs, utilities and market policy impacting new projects

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Executive Overview
ISO
NYISO
CAISO
ERCOT
ISO-NE
MISO
PJM
SPP
WEST non-ISO Region
AZPS
BPAT
PacifiCorp
SOUTHEAST non-ISO Region
SOCO
Duke
TVA

Executive Overview

ryan-luther

Ryan Luther

Research Director, Enverus Intelligence® Research

The queue outlook reflects numerous factors, and ISO activity will continue to be a focus for developers, IPPs and investors driving the future of energy.

Overloaded Queues Continue to Stall Projects

Generous tax credits from the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and the EPA’s update to 40 CFR Part 60, which mandates additional coal retirements, have significantly boosted demand for renewable energy projects across the United States. The surge in investment and development has overwhelmed interconnection queues, with a record number of projects seeking grid connections. This has exceeded grid operators’ processing capacity, causing significant delays and project suspensions. Use this Enverus PRISM® dashboard to compare interconnection queue durations across different markets and technologies.

Queue Success Rates Vary by ISO and Technology

Understanding project suspensions and success rates is critical, as these factors vary by ISO, technology type and project stage. Low success rates have prompted policy interventions like FERC Order 2023 to streamline interconnection queues, but delays and suspensions persist due to regulatory hurdles, permitting delays and supply chain disruptions. A recent Enverus Intelligence Research (EIR) report found that NYISO, SPP, PJM and ISONE have higher suspension rates later in the project lifecycle, with Interconnection Agreement suspension rates ranging from 46% to 79%, compared to around 20% in ERCOT, CAISO and MISO. Projects in these markets show minimal improvement in completion probability until reaching construction. Understanding these regional differences helps developers maximize investment potential by minimizing project delays and increasing the odds of making it through the queue.

Project Success Requires Focus on Economics, Load Growth, Network Infrastructure and More

With low project success rates, power developers need better data to navigate risks and opportunities in this evolving landscape. Our PRISM platform provides a comprehensive view of key variables, including asset economics, power demand growth, existing and planned transmission lines, and substation-level available transfer capability (ATC) to name a few. Use this interactive activity map to explore some of the layers Enverus clients are using to unlock critical insights.

Analyst Insights

Compounding delays across several stages were the main driver of CAISO’s higher-than-average project development timelines, which averaged close to eight years for all project types. ISONE had the shortest development timeline, averaging nearly 3.6 years to reach operation, followed closely by ERCOT at about 4.2 years. NYISO, SPP, PJM and ISONE have more suspensions later in the project lifecycle, with interconnection agreement suspension rates ranging from 46% to 79%, compared to around 20% in ERCOT, CAISO and MISO. Consequently, projects in these markets show minimal improvement in completion probability until reaching construction. EIR expects only a fraction of capacity in the interconnection queues to reach operation. Based on our gradient-boosting machine learning model, we predict that only ~10% of projects will successfully come online in the next three years.

Analytics Sources

This report utilizes PRISM, our advanced analytics platform, to deliver in-depth insights into interconnection queues across various ISOs and utilities. As the leading energy-focused software company globally with more than 25 years of expertise, Enverus is trusted by more than 6,000 businesses to enhance decision-making capabilities, improve operational efficiency and secure competitive advantages in the dynamic power and renewables market. Below, you will find a detailed list of the charts and graphs included in this e-book. Each entry includes a definition and an explanation of how the data was extracted using PRISM:
  • 2024 Planned vs. New vs. 2025 Planned Charts: These charts, powered by Enverus Project Tracking Analytics, visually compares 2024 planned, new and 2025 planned project capacities by GW. Only Enverus offers the most comprehensive coverage and precision of project success, highlighting our capability to track real-time changes and trends.
  • Project Capacity by Year: These graphs are sourced by tracking IRP information and displays projected capacities by technology for various ISOs and utilities, highlighting trends in solar, wind and battery storage. Enverus provides unmatched insights into future energy capacities, empowering strategic decision-making.
  • Upcoming Projects With 2025 Operating Dates: These heat maps show energy projects under construction and slated to come online in 2025, marked by colored dots scaled by capacity (MW) to visualize project concentration and type. Enverus tracks more than 51,000 renewable assets, including solar, wind and energy storage projects.
  • Featured Energy Project Graph: These charts deliver concise details on energy projects that came online in 2024, covering aspects like type, status, capacity, and key dates. Each entry underscores critical sector developments, built using our proprietary data and analytics by a dedicated team of research analysts to serve our customers’ needs.

Interested in Increasing Your Approval Rate by 2.5x?

90% of projects are suspended or withdrawn from the interconnection queue, developers require robust data to effectively assess risks and seize opportunities.

After delving into the intricacies of the 2025 interconnection queue, enhance your project siting strategies by accessing our e-book on project siting.

This guide provides detailed methodologies and tools for identifying optimal parcels for renewable development quickly and efficiently, improving your project’s likelihood of progressing through the queue.

Enverus offers detailed insights into the entire energy asset lifecycle and helps customers achieve 2.5x higher interconnection queue approval rates.

To continue building on the knowledge from the Interconnection Queue Outlook and to further elevate your project’s success, checkout our Project Siting Playbook.

About Enverus Intelligence® Research

Enverus Intelligence® | Research, Inc. (EIR) is a subsidiary of Enverus that publishes energy-sector research focused on the oil, natural gas and power and renewable industries. EIR publishes reports including asset and company valuations, resource assessments, technical evaluations and macro-economic forecasts and helps make intelligent connections for energy industry participants, service companies and capital providers worldwide.

About Enverus

Enverus is the leading energy-focused software company globally, serving more than 6,000 businesses, including more than 1,000 players in the electric power markets. Each day, more than 7,500 users rely on our platform to drive decision-making in project development, grid management, power trading and asset management. Our advanced data integration sets us apart, transforming complex and scattered datasets into the most detailed, analytics-ready information on power markets.

With a legacy spanning more than 25 years and backed by strategic acquisitions totaling more than $200 million in the power sector, Enverus delivers unmatched insights through a state-of-the-art software platform. Our commitment to innovation is underscored by a $3 billion investment, ensuring we offer the most modern and effective solutions tailored for the energy industry’s dynamics.

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NYISO

Analyst Insights

ISO Overview

  • Solar demand remains the largest planned energy source, while offshore wind contracts and bidding rights remain volatile with several projects being cancelled or in limbo.
  • Extreme backlog of projects in queue has led to a new and improved cluster study process that hopes to expedite project paths through the queue.
  • NYISO says it is “the most substantial enhancements to the NYISO’s interconnection process in two decades.”
Type 2024 Planned Capacity 2024 New Capacity 2025 Planned Capacity
Solar 4.1 GW 0.37 GW 1 GW
Wind 1.2 GW 0.17 GW 0.13 GW
Storage 1.9 GW 0.0 GW 0.45 GW

Time in Queue Analysis

  • Of the 110 solar, wind, and energy storage projects active in the traditional NYISO queue, the average current wait time is 6.53 years.
  • Of the five projects that became operational in 2024 from the queue, the average time from first interconnection request to operational was 7.4 years.

Queue Backlogs/Delays

  • Of the 110 solar, wind, and energy storage projects active in the traditional NYISO queue, the average current wait time is 6.53 years.
  • Of the five projects that became operational in 2024 from the queue, the average time from first interconnection request to operational was 7.4 years.

Policy Updates

  • On Aug. 1, 2024, NYISO commenced with a new, transitional “Cluster Study” expediting the interconnection study process for developers.
  • By grouping projects collectively rather than individually, NYISO will save time and workload for itself, utilities, and developers.
  • The timeframes set by the new cluster study process represent a significant reduction in the NYISO’s overall interconnection process time from its existing procedures.

Planned Lines

  • Clean Path NY was a 175-mile, $11 billion renewable energy project set to link 3,800 megawatts of wind and solar power sourced from more than 20 new renewable generation facilities in upstate New York.
  • It has been officially cancelled as of December 2024, citing rising construction costs and lack of renewable generation in upstate New York.

Project Capacity by Year

Note on “Upcoming Projects With 2025 Operating Dates” graphs: Unlike the graphs showing projects under construction set to complete in 2025 in other regions, there are no qualifying solar, storage, or wind projects in NYISO or BPAT for 2025.

Featured Projects

Cider Solar

  • Hecate Energy’s Cider Solar project in Cayuga County, New York, is under construction as of 2024.
  • This project is the largest solar energy project in the NYISO interconnection queue at 500 MW when fully operational. Commercial operation is slated for late 2026, into early 2027.

South Fork Wind

  • First utility scale offshore wind farm operational in the U.S. delivering 132 MW of power through 12 active turbines off the coast of Long Island.
  • The project was built by Ørsted, in partnership with Eversource Energy at an estimated cost of $3 billion.
  • The wind farm is a crucial step in New York’s ambitious goal to generate 70% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030, leaning heavily on offshore wind production.

CAISO

Analyst Insights

ISO Overview
  • In 2024, 4.378 GW of renewable and storage generation was brought online in the CAISO queue, up from 3 GW in 2023. 1,885 of those MW were in Riverside County, more than double the next highest county. Looking forward to 2025, 13.638 GW of capacity are projected to come online.
  • Interestingly, there is a growing trend in CAISO toward building standalone battery storage projects – 744 MW of standalone battery storage came online in 2024 (up from 578 MW in 2023), and a staggering 5,087 MW of standalone battery capacity is planned to go operational in 2025.
  • The growing emphasis on standalone storage likely comes from generation developers facing geographic constraints in California, that make co-locating the batteries with more acreage-intensive wind and solar projects less feasible.
  • These projects are also mostly being built in the middle of cities, very close to the load centers.
  • In a state where transmission capacity is getting maxed out in many places, this siting strategy allows them to use far less transmission.
Type 2024 Planned Capacity 2024 New Capacity 2025 Planned Capacity
Solar 4.7 GW 2.44 GW 3.21 GW
Wind 0.5 GW 0.0 GW 0.46 GW
Storage 17.8 GW 1.94 GW 9.97 GW

Time in Queue Analysis

  • In 2024 a total of 32 renewable and energy storage CAISO projects came online with an average timespan of 9.2 years in the queue.
  • The average amount of time projects spend in the queue before coming online increased by about a year from 2023 to 2024.

Queue Backlogs/Delays

  • CAISO is severely backlogged - they are still working through approvals of the C13 cluster study from 2021 and have not yet approved any projects in clusters C14 (2022) or C15 (2023).
  • CAISO shut down the process entirely in 2024 due to the backlog, so there is no cluster C16. The bottleneck is exacerbated by the fact that over 900 interconnection requests were filed for C14 and C15 – a roughly 200% spike over the typical request numbers in previous years.
  • CAISO is still in the process of voting on queue reform measures, so the standstill is likely to last well into this year.

Policy Updates

  • By far the most impactful policy decisions in the CAISO market revolve around the looming competition in the Day-Ahead Market between SPP Markets+, set to start in early 2027, and the CAISO Extended Day-Ahead Market (EDAM), set to start in April 2026.
  • So far, SPP+ seems to be attracting more interest in the northwestern states, while EDAM is leveraging CAISO’s already strong links in the Southwest to secure partnerships there.
  • Early on, many stakeholders expressed concern about the California legislator being too heavily involved in EDAM. This prompted CAISO to create “Pathways 2.0,” establishing an independent board that will oversee the market instead of the legislator directly.
  • While it does not seem to have assuaged fears of legislator meddling completely, there has been a noticeable positive shift in sentiment towards EDAM since this change was announced.

Planned Lines

  • The SunZia Southwest Transmission project, which is currently under construction in New Mexico and Southern Arizona, is expected to be fully completed in 2025. It comprises 550 miles of 500 kV lines and will have the capacity to transport 3 GW of wind energy to California and neighboring states.
  • The SunZia development was approved using a unique “Subscriber Participating Transmission Owner (SPTO)” model, which enables lines outside the ISO balancing area to connect generation to the California grid and give CAISO operational control.
  • SunZia is the second transmission line to contract with CAISO under this model, following the 732-mile-long TransWest Express project from Wyoming.
  • We expect to see this trend continuing — with geographic constraints, regulatory burdens, and aggressive decarbonization goals forcing California to site more power generation projects in neighboring states, innovative contractual models like this one will likely play a key role in making continued development in the region feasible.

Project Capacity by Year

Upcoming Projects With 2025 Operating Dates

Featured Projects

Kola

  • Kola is a 525 MW standalone battery storage project owned and developed by Nextera, and currently under construction in San Joaquin County, California.
  • It is being built in two phases, a 125 MW phase 1 and a 400 MW Phase 2, and is projected to be fully online in the first half of 2025.
  • It will be the third-largest standalone battery storage project in the country upon its completion.
  • As California continues to search for ways to meet their decarbonization goals while also dealing with geographic constraints, standalone storage is becoming more and more of an emphasis.

McFarland B Solar and Storage

  • The McFarland Solar and Storage project, in Yuma County, Arizona, already has its Phase A operational, and Phase B is projected to come online early in 2024.
  • This 300 MW addition is owned and developed by AES Clean Energy.
  • It exemplifies a recent trend in the California market to increasingly locate their power generation facilities out of state, due largely to better regulatory environments.

ERCOT

Analyst Insights

ISO Overview
  • ERCOT saw significant growth in new capacity throughout 2024, especially from solar and energy storage projects.
  • Planned capacity in ERCOT remains consistent from 2024 to 2025 across solar, wind and energy storage.
  • There has been an uptick in developers taking advantage of the small generation queue, likely fueled by the faster queue process. Most small generation requests are battery storage projects with a capacity of just under 10 MW.
  • 25 small generation projects came online in 2024, up from 15 in 2023, all of which were batteries in the 9.8 – 9.99 MW range.
  • It is expected that the small generation queue will continue to see more activity, especially among energy storage developers.
Type 2024 Planned Capacity 2024 New Capacity 2025 Planned Capacity
Solar 11 GW 7.71 GW 11.9 GW
Wind 4 GW 2.2 GW 4.25 GW
Storage 21 GW 4.59 GW 21.4 GW

Time in Queue Analysis

  • In 2024, a total of 96 renewable and energy storage ERCOT projects came online with an average timespan of 4.5 years in the queue.
  • The average amount of time projects spend in the queue before coming online has remained the same from 2023 to 2024.

Queue Backlogs/Delays

  • ERCOT continues to be a queue with minimal delays, in comparison to other ISO queues, because of their differing siting analysis.
  • However, we have noticed delays in the amount of time projects are spending in each phase of commissioning.

Policy Updates

  • The 89th Texas Legislative Session kicked off on Jan. 14, 2025, and will run through June 2, 2025.
  • Among the many topics will be grid resilience, grid reliability, and transmission infrastructure.
  • Policy makers are likely to promote battery storage and distributed energy resources to improve grid stability.

Planned Lines

  • The Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA) North McCamey – Sand Lake and North McCamey – Bearkat 345kV new transmission lines are in their final pre-construction stages and are expected to begin construction soon.
  • Current in-service dates are projected for 2026. These projects will result in more than 150 miles of new transmission lines that will improve reliability in the West Texas region where it is much needed.

Project Capacity by Year

Upcoming Projects With 2025 Operating Dates

Featured Projects

Dan Kearney BESS

  • The Dan Kearny BESS project, developed by Stella Energy Solutions, is a large 200.78 MW battery storage project expected to be completed in June 2025.
  • This project has a high probability of completion, has moved through studies quickly, but is yet to secure financial security and notice to proceed.

Eldorado Solar

  • The 401.35 MW Eldorado Solar Project is currently under construction in Callahan County, Texas.
  • Enverus analysts saw land clearing and construction begin in early 2024 via geographic analysis, several months after the project received financial security and notice to proceed.
  • Panel installation is now well underway, and the project is expected to reach commercial operations by the end of 2025.

ISO-NE

Analyst Insights

ISO Overview

  • Enverus only shows two projects that fully came online in 2024 for a total of 114 MW, along with the first phase of Vineyard Wind 1 operating at 136 MW.
  • 2025 will continue to be led by solar growth with a planned capacity of 3.15 GW, though we expect to see more large-scale battery and wind projects come online as well.
  • Both Vineyard Wind 1 and Revolution Wind projects have encountered construction delays leading to new projected CODs, with Vineyard expected to fully come online in 2025 and Revolution being completed in 2026.
Type 2024 Planned Capacity 2024 New Capacity 2025 Planned Capacity
Solar 5.3 GW 0.11 GW 3.15 GW
Wind 1.7 GW 0.136 GW 1.38 GW
Storage 2 GW 0.003 GW 0.96 GW

Time in Queue Analysis

  • Of the projects we are basing our analysis on in 2024, these projects took an average of 3.8 years to come online.
  • Of the 166 projects we have been tracking since the span of 2019-2023, we have seen an average time in queue of 2.84 years.

Queue Backlogs/Delays

  • ISO New England is continuing compliance with FERC Order Nos. 1920 and 2023 and other ongoing enhancements to improve the interconnection process.
  • Implementation of the transitional and initial cluster studies, as mandated by Order No. 2023, is paused pending a FERC order on the ISO’s compliance filing; work is expected to continue through 2025.

Policy Updates

  • ISO New England will introduce ancillary services and constraints in the Day-Ahead Market (DAM) for the operating date March 1, 2025.
  • With the introduction of the day-ahead ancillary services, the Forward Reserve Market (FRM) will be retired. The last valid contract date for FRM contracts is February 28, 2025.

Planned Lines

  • The New England Clean Energy Connect will continue construction through the year with an expected 2026 operation, pending the results of legal disputes.
  • This transmission line will transmit cheap hydropower from Quebec (Canada) to Maine (U.S.), as well as to the shared New England grid, thanks to the construction of a 233 km high-voltage line with 1,200 MW transmission capacity.

Project Capacity by Year

Upcoming Projects With 2025 Operating Dates

Featured Projects

Cross Town Energy Storage

  • Plus Power’s Cross Town Energy Storage project will be the first large-scale storage project in Maine.
  • It is currently under construction, with operations expected by Q3, 2025.
  • It will be operating an energy arbitrage model using Tesla lithium iron phosphate batteries.

Revolution Wind

  • Revolution Wind is the first multi-state offshore wind project in the United States.
  • When operational, Connecticut will receive 304 MW and Rhode Island will receive 400 MW.
  • Reported dates for commercial operation vary across sources; however, Enverus has pushed the projected COD to late 2026 due to construction delays reported on the project website and via news updates.

MISO

Analyst Insights

ISO Overview

  • 2024 saw a massive shift with most new generation coming from solar, 4.140 GW, compared to the previous five years, 4.485 GW.
  • Only 615 MW of new wind generation came online in 2024, compared to the 15.187 GW of new wind generation over the previous five years.
Type 2024 Planned Capacity 2024 New Capacity 2025 Planned Capacity
Solar 5.2 GW 4.41 GW 18.1 GW
Wind 2.9 GW 0.62 GW 9.49 GW
Storage 3 GW 0.0 GW 9.43 GW

Time in Queue Analysis

  • In 2024, 26 solar projects came online with the mean queue lifespan of six years and two wind projects came online with the mean queue lifespan of six years.
  • This is generally in line width, or better than the averages over the previous five years (five years for solar, eight years for wind, and two years for storage projects).

Queue Backlogs/Delays

  • About 147 GW of solar, 38 GW of wind, and 59 GW of storage are in the queue. The average queue delay is 759 days.
  • Most reported delays are due to transmission owner supply chain or regulatory issues.
  • MISO plans to implement a queue volume cap and increase payments upon FERC approval.

Policy Updates

  • Long Range Transmission Planning - MISO Board of Directors approved the Tranche 2.1 in December 2024 for LRTP. The finalized portfolio contains 24 projects and 323 facilities across the MISO Midwest subregion totaling 3,631 miles. The estimated total cost of all the projects is $21.87 Billion, with a target service date from 2032 to 2034.
  • Joint Targeted Interconnection Queue Study - The finalized portfolio contains five projects, totaling 490 miles. It will enable 28.6 GW of new generation along the MISO/SPP boundary. The projected total cost is $1.65 billion, of which $464 million from DOE’s GRIP program funds will offset costs.

Planned Lines

  • Nine of the 24 transmission projects for Tranche 2.1 are 765kV lines, most with the target ISD of 2034.
  • Most of the new 765kV lines are to service exports from North and South Dakota and are expected to relieve congestion throughout the region.

Project Capacity by Year

Upcoming Projects With 2025 Operating Dates

Featured Projects

Dunns Bridge Solar II

  • The Dunns Bridge Solar II project is a 435 MW solar project that is currently under construction in Jasper and Stake Counties, Indiana.
  • It is owned by NextEra Energy and NIPSCO and being developed by NextEra Energy, MAP Energy, Orion Renewable Energy.
  • The project was selected through the NIPSCO Solar 2019 RFP and is part of its “Your Energy, Your Future” electric generation strategy.

Hickory Solar

  • This is a 110 MW solar project, currently under construction in Jersey County, Illinois. It is owned by Orion Renewable Energy Group and developed by EDP Renewables.
  • Microsoft will acquire renewable energy credits generated by the project with operator Volt Energy Utility and power purchase agreement (PPA) for 15 years following the start of operations.

PJM

Analyst Insights

ISO Overview

  • Solar remains the dominant resource in PJM, while energy storage continues to grow, now accounting for over a quarter of interconnection requests.
  • State renewable targets and the transition from aging fossil fuel plants are fueling this growth, with offshore wind also becoming increasingly significant.
Type 2024 Planned Capacity 2024 New Capacity 2025 Planned Capacity
Solar 46.1 GW 4.27 GW 44.1 GW
Wind 5.1 GW 0.262 GW 8.74 GW
Storage 40.6 GW 0.09 GW 20.9 GW

Time in Queue Analysis

  • Projects that came online in 2024 spent an average of 6.34 years in the queue, demonstrating an increase from 5.72 years in 2023.
  • The average queue time has seen a gradual rise from 5.8 years in 2022 to 6.34 years in 2024.

Queue Backlogs/Delays

  • The queue remains under significant strain with more than 300 GW of renewable and storage requests waiting to interconnect.
  • Despite recent reforms prioritizing ready-to-build projects and cluster studies, the backlog continues to grow.
  • Of the nearly 25 GW of projects with signed interconnection agreements, many are stalled in procurement or early construction, further taxing the queue and delaying progress.

Policy Updates

  • PJM has implemented reforms to meet FERC Order 2023 requirements, introducing stricter interconnection timelines and cost allocation updates.
  • At the same time, bold clean energy and offshore wind targets in states like Maryland and New Jersey are driving increased demand for interconnection and transmission.

Planned Lines

  • PJM has several localized projects underway in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, expected to come online this year.
  • However, in PJM, the focus is shifting toward long-term, higher-voltage solutions, such as 765 kV lines, to improve west-east power flow and alleviate congestion.

Project Capacity by Year

Upcoming Projects With 2025 Operating Dates

Featured Projects

CPV Backbone Solar

  • The CPV Backbone Solar project, developed by Competitive Power Ventures (CPV), is a 175 MW project currently under construction in Garrett County, Maryland.
  • It is expected to reach commercial operation in October 2025 and will be the largest solar farm in the state. Amazon will use this facility to power its AWS data centers.

Union Ridge Solar

  • This is a 108 MW project that is currently under construction in Licking County, Ohio.
  • Union Ridge Solar was developed by Leeward Renewable Energy and is expected to reach commercial operation in June 2025. Amazon will use this facility to power its data centers.

SPP

Analyst Insights

ISO Overview

  • SPP has announced SPP’s Western Energy Imbalance Service (WEIS), which is a day-ahead offering in the Western Interconnect that is scheduled to be launched in early 2026.
  • It is the first ISO to operate in both the Eastern and Western Interconnect and at least seven utilities have committed to joining the SPP WEIS market.
Type 2024 Planned Capacity 2024 New Capacity 2025 Planned Capacity
Solar 1.7 GW 0.33 GW 2.17 GW
Wind 3.5 GW 0.40 GW 4.73 GW
Storage 1.4 GW 0.0 GW 1.76 GW

Time in Queue Analysis

  • Projects that became operational in 2024 had an average queue lifespan of approximately six years.

Queue Backlogs/Delays

  • FERC approved SPP’s request to prioritize backlogged historical projects over 2024 generation interconnection studies.
  • SPP is seeing surging generator interconnection requests — almost entirely from solar, wind, and battery storage.

Policy Updates

  • SPP approved a $7.7 billion plan to bolster its transmission network in response to increasing energy demand.

Planned Lines

  • In December of 2024, SPP identified Yellowstone, Montana to be a Frequently Constrained Area (FCA). In addition to rebuilds and reliability upgrades, there is a new line (Dawson County – Williston) scheduled for 2028 that will help mitigate congestion in this WAPA area.
  • This line has an estimated cost of $157 million and is expected to be roughly 103 miles long. This is just one example of SPP planning for growing energy demand across its territory.

Project Capacity by Year

Upcoming Projects With 2025 Operating Dates

Featured Projects

Wagon Wheel Wind Project

  • This is a 600 MW wind project currently under construction
    in Oklahoma.
  • It is owned by SWEPCO and is being developed by Invenergy. Commercial operations are expected at the end of 2025.

Wild Plains (FKA Wild Winds) Project

  • Wild Plains is a 307 MW wind project that is currently under construction in Kansas.
  • It is owned by NextEra Energy Resources and is being developed by NextEra Energy Resources and Tradewind Energy. Commercial operations are slated for the end of 3Q2025.

AZPS

Analyst Insights

ISO Overview

  • In 2024, 380 MW of renewable generation was brought online in the AZPS queue, nearly all of it from the Chevelon Butte Phase 2 and Babbitt Ranch Wind projects.
  • Those numbers are in line with the most recent APS integrated resource plan, which indicates a commitment to shifting the energy mix away from fossil fuels like coal and towards renewables and storage over the next 15 years.
  • AZPS has announced that it will be joining the CAISO EDAM, instead of SPP Markets+, when it launches in 2026.
  • Given the close existing links between the CAISO and AZPS markets, especially transmission infrastructure and the increasing number of CAISO generation projects sited in Arizona, it makes sense that AZPS would make this choice.
  • This decision is consistent with other nearby utilities – so far, SPP+ seems to be attracting more interest in the northwestern states, while EDAM has had more success securing partnerships in the Southwest.
Type 2025 Planned Capacity
Solar 7.08 GW
Wind 0.90 GW
Storage 11.73 GW

Displaying only 2025 planned capacity due to the recent integration of utility queues in PRISM, ensuring maximum accuracy.

Time in Queue Analysis

  • In 2024, a total of three renewable and energy storage AZPS projects came online.
  • Each of these projects had an average timespan of 10.4 years in the queue.

Project Capacity by Year

Upcoming Projects With 2025 Operating Dates

Featured Projects

Scatter Wash 1 & 2

  • Scatter Wash 1 & 2 are standalone battery storage projects totaling 255 MW/1020 MWh of capacity, currently under construction in Maricopa County, Arizona.
  • The project was recently sold to Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners, but previous owner Strata Clean Energy is still acting as the developer for it.
  • Scatter Wash is a good example of the increasing prevalence of standalone battery storage projects in the West, as they will be an important ingredient in maintaining grid reliability while meeting decarbonization goals.

Bonneville Power Administration (BPAT)

Analyst Insights

ISO Overview
  • Electricity demand is rapidly increasing in the BPAT region, reinforcing the need for grid expansion and reliability.
  • At the end of 2024, Bonneville proposed 13 new transmission line and substation projects that will help accommodate load growth in the area. All projects are in the early stages of development and are expected to cost three billion dollars.
Type 2025 Planned Capacity
Solar 0.584 GW
Wind 0.05 GW
Storage 0.18 GW

Displaying only 2025 planned capacity due to the recent integration of utility queues in PRISM, ensuring maximum accuracy.

Time in Queue Analysis

  • No Bonneville solar, wind, or energy storage projects came online in 2024.
  • In 2022 and 2023, six renewable or energy storage projects came online with an average time in queue of 11.6 years.

Project Capacity by Year

Note on “Upcoming Projects With 2025 Operating Dates” graphs: Unlike the graphs showing projects under construction set to complete in 2025 in other regions, there are no qualifying solar, storage, or wind projects in NYISO or BPAT for 2025.

Featured Projects

Pamian Solar

  • The Pamian Solar project is a 99.86 MW project that is being developed by Energy of Utah, LLC in Morrow County, Oregon.
  • It is one of the largest Bonneville projects currently projected to come online in 2025 and has a power purchase agreement with Portland General Electric Company.

PacifiCorp

Analyst Insights

ISO Overview

  • PacifiCorp’s recent IRP indicates a strong push for renewable energy development and a plan to retire substantial amounts of natural gas and coal.
  • The future energy mix in PacifiCorp is likely to increase tensions between the six states that make up the utility.
  • As California, Oregon, and Washington push for renewables, Idaho, Utah and Wyoming maintain support for traditional energy sources.
  • Discussion around a split or restructure of PacifiCorp is likely to intensify, although such a change would be complex, costly and require an agreement from all states involved.
Type 2025 Planned Capacity
Solar 2.57 GW
Wind 1.95 GW
Storage 2.99 GW

Displaying only 2025 planned capacity due to the recent integration of utility queues in PRISM, ensuring maximum accuracy.

Time in Queue Analysis

  • In 2024, nine solar projects and one wind project came online in PacifiCorp.
  • The nine solar projects spent an average of 5.9 years in the queue.
  • The one wind project spent more than 15 years in the queue, bringing average queue time for all PacifiCorp projects that came online in 2024 up to 6.9 years.

Project Capacity by Year

Upcoming Projects With 2025 Operating Dates

Featured Projects

Green River Energy Center + BESS

  • rPlus Energies’ Green River Energy Center + BESS in Emery County, UT is a 400 MW solar project co-located with a 400MW/1600MWh battery storage project.
  • It began construction in Q3 2024 and is expected to come online in May 2026. When online, it will be one of the largest co-located projects in the state.

SOCO

Analyst Insights

ISO Overview

  • Solar and storage dominate SoCo’s queue, making up over 80% of proposed capacity, though low completion rates are keeping the energy mix reliant on traditional fuels.
  • Recent IRPs highlight plans to increase solar, storage and natural gas through 2044 as part of SoCo’s clean energy transition.
Type 2025 Planned Capacity
Solar 2.17 GW
Wind 0.0 GW
Storage 1.18 GW

Displaying only 2025 planned capacity due to the recent integration of utility queues in PRISM, ensuring maximum accuracy.

Time in Queue Analysis

  • Nine projects reached commercial operation in 2024.
  • These projects had an average of 5.38 years in the queue.

Project Capacity by Year

Upcoming Projects With 2025 Operating Dates

Featured Projects

East Atmore Solar

  • East Atmore Solar (80 MW) in Georgia is being developed by Pine Gate Renewables and expected to begin commercial operations in August 2025.

Duke

Analyst Insights

ISO Overview
  • North Carolina PUC has approved Duke Energy’s request to replace coal units with natural gas, causing backlash for deciding against a cleaner fuel source, such as wind or solar.
  • However, Duke plans to use their new Advanced Power Distribution Platform to help move toward cleaner energy sources in the future.
  • This new platform can simulate how the grid will operate and will be a tool for assessing the feasibility of renewables and energy storage.
Type 2025 Planned Capacity
Solar 4.78 GW
Wind 0.0 GW
Storage 0.2 GW

Displaying only 2025 planned capacity due to the recent integration of utility queues in PRISM, ensuring maximum accuracy.

Time in Queue Analysis

  • Two Duke projects became operational in 2024.
  • These projects spent an average of 5.12 years in the queue.

Upcoming Project Capacity by Year

Upcoming Projects With 2025 Operating Dates

Featured Projects

FRP Bronson Solar Energy Center

  • This is a 74.5 MW solar project that is currently under construction.
  • It is owned and developed by NextEra Energy Resources and is expected to come online in the first quarter of 2025.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Analyst Insights

ISO Overview
  • In September of 2024, TVA released an IRP that outlined how it would meet increasing energy demand over the next couple of decades.
  • TVA determined that from now until 2035, new dispatchable generation is needed to meet growing demand in the area.
  • Gas and solar plants were mentioned as playing a significant role in ensuring grid reliability in future decades.
  • TVA expects their portfolio to be made up of cleaner technologies as time moves on with the help of battery systems, wind turbines, nuclear and carbon decarbonization strategies.
Type 2025 Planned Capacity
Solar 1.71 GW
Wind 0.20 GW
Storage 0.22 GW

Displaying only 2025 planned capacity due to the recent integration of utility queues in PRISM, ensuring maximum accuracy.

Time in Queue Analysis

  • Two TVA projects reached commercial operations in 2024: Golden Triangle II (Solar + Storage) and Logan County Solar.
  • Each of these projects had a queue lifespan of roughly 5 years (average of 5.2 years).

Upcoming Project Capacity by Year

Upcoming Projects With 2025 Operating Dates

Featured Projects

Ridgely Energy Farm

  • This is a 254 MW solar project that is currently under construction with a projected COD of early 2025.
  • It is owned by First Solar, Inc. and developed by Leeward Renewable Energy.

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